Demonstrations have been held in the capital, New Delhi, and cities across the country in recent weeks.
They were sparked by alleged examination paper leaks in some of India's most competitive entrance tests.
Around two million students are said to have been affected by the alleged leaks, which have also been linked to several student suicides.
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On Friday, Pradhan announced his resignation on X, saying: "Considering the situation that has arisen at Jantar Mantar and across the country, so that anti-national forces do not take advantage of this situation... I have sent my resignation letter to the prime minister.
"I deeply respect the aspirations, feelings, and legitimate expectations of the country's youth."
Following the news, cheers came from supporters continuing to protest in central Delhi.
Later in the day, Abhijeet Dipke, founder of the Cockroach Janta Party, which took its name from a comment by the chief justice of India's Supreme Court who compared unemployed young people with cockroaches, said the demonstrations would stop. The group added that the government had met all their demands.
"We have done it," said Mr Dipke.
Protesters initially called for education reforms, but the movement has since transformed into broader public frustrations over unemployment, government accountability and economic opportunity.
It has become one of Narendra Modi's biggest challenges since he became prime minister in 2014.
Thousands of protesters have been returning to the streets even after police used tear gas and batons this week to disperse marchers trying to reach parliament.
Sky's India reporter Neville Lazarus said the leaders of the protest movement had made three demands to Modhi's representatives at a recent meeting.
One - the resignation of Pradhan - was a "non-negotiable". The other two, said Lazarus, were "compensation for the children who had taken their lives because of the examination paper leak, and the third [was] the withdrawing of cases by police against the protesters".
He added that the protesters said the meeting was 'cordial' but that they were losing patience with the government.
To limit the protests, authorities have restricted access to the internet and some metro stations.
Anger has boiled over since police injured protesters on Monday, injuring students, launching baton charges and firing tear gas.
Pradhan, 57, is a senior leader of Modi's Bharatiya Janata Party and had been regarded as a rising figure.
Temperatures are expected to climb again next week after a brief reprieve this weekend.
Heat alerts are currently in place across parts of England, with officials warning temperatures are likely to impact health and wellbeing.
Yellow alerts for the East Midlands, East, London, South East, South West and West Midlands are in place until 9am on Sunday.
Cooler and fresher weather is then expected, bringing an end to the longest-running heatwaves, with highs of 25 and 26C possible in the South East and high teens and low 20s more widely elsewhere.
Sky News meteorologist Chris England said: "The high pressure system that brought the recent prolonged heatwave is easing off to the southwest, allowing cooler conditions and some much-needed rain across the UK, but there'll be very little for Wales and southern England, where drought or near drought conditions prevail."
But the heat will begin to climb again at the start of next week.
Monday's high is forecast to be 27C in the South East, just below the area's heatwave threshold of 28C.
Such thresholds will start to be crossed the following day, with highs of more than 30C expected in the South East until Thursday.
Next week's heatwave may not be the last of the summer, according to the Met Office's long-range forecast.
"[The weather] is a bit more changeable in the short term, but as we head more into August there are hints that conditions will settle down and become drier again", said the Met Office's senior operational meteorologist Marco Petagna.
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It comes after North Wales and the Upper Severn became the first part of the UK to declare drought status on Thursday, with parts of Exeter, Devon and Usk in Wales meeting their heatwave threshold for 20 consecutive days.
No rain has fallen in July in Bedfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Hertfordshire and West Sussex, and 16 counties have recorded 0.1mm, which Mr Petagna said "might just be a bit of dew on the grass".
The UK has had 20% of its average July rainfall, which takes into account the wetter areas.
It is "very, very unusual" for a hot and dry spell to last this long, Mr Petagna added.
The dry conditions come after last year's drought summer, with the UK facing more extreme weather fuelled by human-caused climate change.
Meanwhile, wildfires continue to burn in the Cairngorms National Park in Scotland, across the Rhinogydd mountains in North Wales and Blaenavon in South Wales.
The last week has also seen blazes on heathland on the Isle of Wight, woodland in the New Forest and fields in Tadley in Hampshire.
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He is due to appear before the Special Criminal Court at the Criminal Courts of Justice in Dublin on Saturday evening.
It comes after a 25-year-old law student was charged in relation to this investigation.
Isobella Perrie Sullivan was granted bail after appearing before a special sitting of Trim District Court in Co Meath on Friday evening. She was charged with possession of explosives.
Officers discovered the alleged bomb during an operation targeting "dissident republicans", Irish police said.
A police officer told Trim District Court that Sullivan had been stopped on the N2 at Aclint, Carrickmacross, County Monaghan, about six miles (10km) from the border with Northern Ireland.
During a search of her vehicle, a bag was found in the rear seat which was found to contain Semtex and a detonator, the court heard. Defence solicitor Gavin Booth said his client had been asked to take a bag to the north, and had not been aware what was in it.
On Friday, Irish police said the alleged car bomb, which officers said had the potential to cause "significant damage", had been intercepted on Wednesday afternoon. It is understood the device contained suspected military-grade explosives.
Sullivan and the man in his 40s were arrested on suspicion of offences against the state.
'Radicalised republicans'
Garda Commissioner Justin Kelly said on Friday that pulling over the car was "not a random stop" and had been an "intelligence-led operation".
He said there were still people who did not accept the peace treaty implemented under the Good Friday Agreement, which ended decades of sectarian conflict in Northern Ireland, known as the Troubles.
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"Any seizure of this nature is really concerning," the commissioner said.
"However, we certainly know that there are a small minority of dissident republicans who did not agree with the Good Friday Agreement, they did not put weapons and explosives [out of use], they didn't go through with the proper process in relation to decommissioning. So that is something that we continue to deal with.
"There's a small minority of these individuals, I would describe them as radicalised republicans, and this is a threat that we're going to continue to face for some time."
Sean McCann finished eighth as he recorded a time of three minutes 53.47 seconds at Tollcross International Swimming Centre in Glasgow.
The 21-year-old reached the final after qualifying in the same spot.
In the stands, he was cheered on by his parents Kate and Gerry McCann and twin sister Amelie.
It was an Australian 1-2-3 in the final as Sam Short won the gold in 3:41.25, and Elijah Winnington got the silver in 3:45.56, with Benjamin Goedemans just behind in 3:45.57 as he picked up the bronze.
England's James Guy was fourth in 3:46.70.
McCann, who studies chemical engineering at Loughborough University, previously represented Scotland at the Commonwealth Youth Games in Tobago in 2023, where he finished fifth in the 400m freestyle event.
He was swimming from an early age and, while at the City of Leicester club, he won multiple county titles and was national champion in his age group.
Although he grew up in England, he qualifies to swim for Scotland through Gerry, who was born in Glasgow.
His sister Amelie is a promising Scottish triathlete.
Gerry McCann, clad in a blue Team Scotland top, and Kate McCann, who wore a T-shirt bearing the Games' anthem Yes Sir, I Can Boogie, are regular spectators at their son's swimming events.
McCann is also expected to compete in the men's 800m and 1,500m freestyle events later in the Commonwealth Games.
He says he hopes to use his experience at the championships to target a place in the Great Britain team for the Los Angeles Olympics in 2028.
"The Olympics is always the ultimate goal," he said. "Being able to represent Scotland here is a really important stepping stone towards that. Hopefully, with a couple more years of hard work, I can put my name in the mix."
McCann was two years old when Madeleine disappeared shortly before her fourth birthday during a holiday in the Portuguese coastal town of Praia da Luz in 2007.
Despite many searches, she has never been found.
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Officers were called to Kingsway Recreation Ground shortly after 6.30pm on Friday following reports of disorder, where "a number of teenagers" were seen "carrying large knives", Bedfordshire Police said.
A 17-year-old boy was taken to hospital with multiple stab wounds but died a short time later, the force said.
Police said that two boys, arrested on Friday on suspicion of violent disorder, have now been further arrested on suspicion of murder.
One of the suspects is currently in hospital with serious - but not life-threatening - injuries, police said.
The victim has not yet been formally identified and police said officers are supporting his family.
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Detective Chief Inspector Nick Gardener said on Friday: "Horrific violence in Luton has sadly cost a teenage boy his life today.
"Our thoughts are first and foremost with the loved ones of the boy who lost his life in such tragic circumstances."
He added on Saturday afternoon: "Our officers are in the area carrying out additional high-visibility patrols, and we are continuing to engage with local members of the public.
"We would also like to remind the public to not share any distressing videos or images as this can be concerning for family involved, and also form a vital part of our police investigation."
Police urge anyone with information to contact them.